When confronted suddenly by a hazard on the road, what is the best action to take?

Decelerating and applying the footbrake firmly is the best action to take when confronted suddenly by a hazard on the road. This approach allows for the driver to reduce speed, which is crucial for gaining better control of the vehicle. Slowing down gives the driver more time to assess the situation, evaluate potential escape routes, and increases the effectiveness of any subsequent steering maneuvers if necessary.

Additionally, braking firmly can help prevent an accident by reducing the vehicle's speed before an impact occurs, should a collision be unavoidable. This action is particularly important on slippery or wet roads where excessive speed could lead to a loss of control.

The other choices may seem viable in different contexts but could lead to dangerous outcomes in this situation. Steering away from the hazard without first decelerating might compromise control, particularly if braking isn't applied first. Accelerating could worsen the situation by increasing speed while trying to maneuver. Continuously sounding the horn may alert other road users but does nothing to manage the vehicle's speed or direction, which is critical when facing an immediate hazard.